4 Emotionally Self-Abusive Habits to Replace

“Self-talk can come from a variety of sources but may start young,” says Sarah Epstein, a licensed marriage and family therapist in Dallas, Texas. This applies to all types of self-talk, including painful and abusive ones.

Many factors can contribute to emotional self-abuse:

• Perfectionism. If you have perfectionistic tendencies, even small failures can feel catastrophic. Since perfectionism leads us to believe we’re letting ourselves down when we make any mistake, it often comes with a harsh inner critic.
• Past relationships. Maybe a relationship with a friend or partner hasn’t been the most balanced — emotional abuse in a relationship can make it easier to accept the same treatment from yourself.
• Your childhood. If influential adults or your parents were emotionally abusive or neglectful, it can be all too easy for their voices to stay alive through your self-talk without your noticing it.
• Mental health conditions. Depression and anxiety can contribute to abusive self-talk for many people, as this research explains.

Meanwhile, the outcomes tied to abusive self-talk are often consistent: Research shows that low self-esteem and less confidence commonly result from this behavior.

Emotional self-harm doesn’t look or sound just one way. Which patterns might you recognize in your own self-talk?

Name-calling

Name-calling is a habit you may have shed when you left elementary school. So why do we talk to ourselves in ways we otherwise recognize as mean-spirited?

Self-esteem can play an important role. If you tend to see yourself as less significant than others, putting yourself down might not feel like as big of a deal compared with the thought of treating another person that way.

Self-doubt

Self-doubt can mean second-guessing yourself or worrying that you’re not up to the task at hand.

Research from 2020 highlights how self-doubt is connected to perfectionism and impostor syndrome. In short, people who set impossibly high goals for themselves may be more likely to feel that they’ve failed when their performance doesn’t match up to their standards or goals.

Cognitive distortions

Cognitive distortions are maladaptive, or unhelpful, thinking habits. Many cognitive distortions go hand-in-hand with emotional self-harm because they tend to funnel folks into rigid mindsets that don’t allow room for nuance or complexity.

Common cognitive distortions that may lead to abusive self-talk include:

• Filtering: focusing only on the negatives in a situation while ignoring the positive aspects
• “Shoulds”: fixating on how you “should” be, and feeling continually disappointed when you don’t measure up
• Global labeling: judging yourself across the board based on one event
• Control fallacy: placing blame on yourself in situations outside your control

Self-cruelty

It isn’t always easy to recognize when your self-talk becomes cruel. A couple of clues self-cruelty is at play include making threats to yourself or telling yourself you deserve a bad outcome or future.

When it comes to changing this habit, Epstein emphasizes the importance of asking yourself where the hurtful self-talk is coming from, since learning the origin of these words could help you disconnect from them.

You might ask yourself: “Whose voice am I hearing when I put myself down?”

Self-compassion and self-acceptance are also key — and you can learn to cultivate these through your own practice or with the help of a compassionate coach or therapist.

“Like anything else, kinder speech and rooting out abusive self-talk requires time and continuous effort,” says Epstein.